The club announced on Wednesday afternoon the former Porto player has penned a four-and-a-half-year extension having returned from long-term injury problems this season.
Anderson, 22, told the club's official website: "This is the best club to be at and I would like to thank everyone for the great support I have received over the years.
"I am looking forward to winning many more trophies with this club and I am so pleased to have signed a new contract."
Manager Sir Alex Ferguson added: "We are delighted he has signed a new contract. Anderson has developed tremendously since joining us and he has fantastic potential at only 22; he is going to be a really top player."
Anderson has made a total of 60 Premier League appearances for United, scoring one goal. This season, he has played five times but has shown enough to earn this new deal.